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TOPIC: CTCSS ENCODER

CTCSS ENCODER 14 years 6 months ago #180

  • Riffad Khan AP2RF
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A significant amount of interests has been generated on a PL tone board. Because of this interest I decided to make an improved circuit on the PL tone design.

Figure 1 is an inexpensive PL tone generator with significantly improved performance. It has a much more stable tone frequency as well as the elimination of the loading problem on the output. Normally transistor used in the old circuits designs would cause the tone frequency to change at high levels. This circuit eliminate all those problems.

LM 78L05 IC voltage regulator is preferred instead of a resistor and a zener diode. This device looks like a transistor but has an extremely stable output voltage. The most important change is the use of an Op Amp as the output buffer. I originally tried using a Field Effect Transistor for buffering. Although it worked well, the FET did not have enough output. The 741 Op Amp reigns supreme once again.

The only rigid requirement is that capacitor C1 be stable over a wide temperature rate. Use only Mylar, Polyester or Metal film for capacitor C1. The tone frequency is determined by the following formula:
FREQUENCY = 1/R1C1

The specified values should allow any tone between 100 to 300 Hz. Increase R1 or add another resistor in series with R1 for lower tone frequencies.
The output of the PL tone generator should be connected to the deviation potentiometer in the transmitter circuit and not the microphone input. (Check schematic diagram of transceiver.) If the circuit reduces the transmitter audio, install a resistor between the output of the circuit and the transmitter. Use a value in the range of 1K to 1Meg (start with 100K) depending on what yields the best results.
To align the frequency of the tone generator, use another transceiver with CTCSS decode capability for the desired PL tone frequency. Attach a dummy load to the transmitter and key down the transmitter while turning R1. As soon as the correct frequency is obtained, the squelch will open on the transceiver with CTCSS decode. Now adjust R5 for the correct audio level of the tone. The tone level only needs to be load enough for the other receiver to decode the tone and not loud enough for others to hear. If the tone can be heard easily then the level is probably too high.
The LM567 IC and the 78L05 regulator are available from market without any hassles..

PARTS LIST
IC1 LM567 Tone Decoder/Encoder IC
IC2 741 Op Amp
VR1 78L05 5 volt low power regulator
R1 10K 15 turn trimmer pot
R2 1K Resistor (Brown Black Red)
R3 10K Resistor (Brown Black Orange)
R4 100K Resistor (Brown Black Yellow)
R5 10K trimmer pot
C1 1 microfarad mylar, polyester, or metal film capacitor (105)
C2 10 microfarad electrolytic capacitor (observe polarity)
C3 .01 microfarad capacitor (103)
C4,C5 .1 microfarad capacitor (104)
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Muhammad Riffad Khalid
AP2RF
Last Edit: 14 years 6 months ago by Riffad Khan AP2RF.
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Re:CTCSS ENCODER 14 years 6 months ago #196

  • ap2aum
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Dear RF,

would it be possible for you to make one for the repeater at Murree? Would really be great if you can.... it will solve the problem for all of those areas where we intend to link more repeaters.

73s
Ap2aum
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Re:CTCSS ENCODER 14 years 6 months ago #197

  • Riffad Khan AP2RF
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Dear AUM

Yes sure no problem we can try that circuit as well.

the circuit performance very good.

Actually i am looking for a modern CTCSS ENCODER that consist of PIC CONTROLLER 16F627A with 10MHZ X-TAL.

That is more reliable CTCSS ENCODER design for better fox stability.

i am in touch with my TPE friends for compact SMD based design and meanwhile we can take a start from that circuit.

kindly let me know when we need to go for that upgrade?

73s

AP2RF
Muhammad Riffad Khalid
AP2RF
Last Edit: 14 years 6 months ago by Riffad Khan AP2RF.
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Re:CTCSS ENCODER 14 years 6 months ago #200

  • Riffad Khan AP2RF
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Dear Asad Bhai

Find attached the CTCSS project and pictures of PCB.

It will be with us till EID INSHA ALLAH for PARS Repeater.

73s
AP2RF

Attachment PIC_Encoder_.pdf not found

Attachments:
Muhammad Riffad Khalid
AP2RF
Last Edit: 14 years 6 months ago by Riffad Khan AP2RF.
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